2012), and Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE, Holtzman et al. 2012), Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (SEGUE, Yanny et al. Large spectroscopic surveys, such as Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, Zhao et al.

Key words: convection / galaxies: formation / stars: abundances / stars: evolution / stars: interiors More accurate spectroscopic measurements of FDU in star clusters with well-established ages and metallicities are required to better test theoretical calibrations of this age indicator. The use of FDU–-age relations obtained from independent sets of stellar evolution calculations cause age differences (for a given FDU and pair) up to ~2 Gyr. Our calibration is compared with a small sample of available measurements of FDU in star clusters and halo field stars, which at least qualitatively confirm the overall trend of the predicted FDU with age and. α-enhanced), efficiency of overshooting from MS convective cores and from the convective envelopes, variations in the initial He abundance and in the mixing length parameter. We provide a theoretical calibration of FDU in terms of total metallicity and age, for ages greater than ~1 Gyr, which we tested against variations in the initial heavy element distribution (scaled-solar vs. FDU cannot give accurate ages for individual stars, but may provide a general chronology for the formation of composite populations and add constraints to analyses of red giants from surface gravity-effective temperature diagrams. We performed a detailed analysis of the use of measured in red giant branch stars between the completion of the first dredge up and the red giant branch bump ( FDU) as age indicator. Maggini, 64100 Teramo, ItalyĮ-mail: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle via Lactea s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Piersimoni 2 and Santi Cassisi 2 ,3ġ Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool 元 5RF UKĮ-mail: INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, via M. Maurizio Salaris 1, Adriano Pietrinferni 2, Anna M. Astronomical objects: linking to databases.Including author names using non-Roman alphabets.Suggested resources for more tips on language editing in the sciences Punctuation and style concerns regarding equations, figures, tables, and footnotes

Dredge up stars